Note there is also a minimum overall fireable length on longguns of 26".
I'm not sure a longgun is as good for personal defense as is assumed; longguns are not designed as close range weapons, relatively close distances usually involved, barrel length [easy to grab], recoil, experience with the weapon [think pump actions], follow on shots, and probably the size/features of an enclosed space. And remember many longguns have small magazine capacities, especially shotguns.
I have fired a 30-06 [M-1 Garand] from the hip, it's a really jarring experience. The recoil is rather hard to manage, and I saw it put a few folks on the ground.
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